South Africa: Crypto Not Subject to Forex Controls—Defying Currency Orthodoxy
South Africa exempts crypto from forex controls while strangling fiat currency—why digital assets escaped the regulations that bind everything else in finance.
Africa’s Foreign Reserves Parked Abroad Spark a Sovereignty Showdown
Africa’s $270+ billion in foreign reserves sits in Western vaults—offering stability but surrendering control. The sovereignty cost may finally outweigh the safety net.
Fed’s Hammack: Forget a Fast Return—2% Inflation Is 2–3 Years Away
Fed’s Beth Hammack shatters hopes for quick relief: 2% inflation won’t return until 2027 or later, with recession risks climbing and rate cuts abandoned.
French Monetary Imperialism in Africa: How Independence Became Dependence
Fourteen African nations still deposit half their reserves in Paris while French companies extract resources using their own currency. Independence was never meant to be free.
IMF Backs Bank of Ghana’s Tougher Forex Rules—Can They Really Steady the Cedi?
The IMF approves Ghana’s forex crackdown as the cedi hits GH₵12.15 per dollar. But can enforcement alone stop a currency with a history of defying control?
Libya U-Turn: Private Firms Can Resume Foreign Currency Transactions
Libya’s Central Bank reversed course on foreign currency access after the dinar crashed 15%. Private dealers can now sell again—but strict limits apply.
