French Monetary Imperialism in Africa: How Independence Became Dependence

Fourteen African nations still deposit half their reserves in Paris while French companies extract resources using their own currency. Independence was never meant to be free.

Why African Nations Still Depend on France to Print Their Money—Decades After Independence

Decades after independence, 14 African nations still can’t print their own currency. France controls the money—and the monetary policy that comes with it.

Africa’s CFA Franc: Neocolonial Shackle or Stabilizing Force?

210 million Africans use a currency printed in France with reserves held in Paris. Colonial relic or economic necessity?